Selenium's Role in Neuroprotection Against Stroke-Induced Inflammation.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) incidence across the globe is on the rise, and the deleterious effects have not yet been improved with the use of current pharmaceuticals. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has many risks and time constraints, making it difficult to use even as the standard treatment. Selenium deficiency and stroke incidence have a strong linear correlation among various populations. Using the ADME-Tox software, selenious acid absorption in brain cells, tissue, and interstitium was modeled under ischemic conditions to determine the bioavailability of selenium (Se) in the brain using various IV (intravenous) infusion doses. Additionally, we studied the cytotoxicity of selenious acid and selenourea on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and lung carcinoma cells (A549) to determine the overall growth and toxicity of different body cell lines to account for systemic side effects of IV infusion. Our data suggest that selenium can reach a dose-dependent concentration of 1.5µg/L or 250µg/L in brain cells within two hours of a one-time IV infusion, showing the ability to reach brain vasculature. Furthermore, cell viability can be maintained between 95% and 100% using 1nM and 0.5nM concentrations of selenious acid.

A Systematic Review of Severe Neurological Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coexisting SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in children produces mild respiratory symptoms or no symptoms at all in most cases. Some pediatric patients develop a severe complication associated with high mortality, the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). In both scenarios, there are reports of neurological manifestations. This article aims to review the cases of pediatric patients with severe neurological issues and a coexisting positive SARS-CoV-2 test. A literature search was performed between March 2020 and May 2021. The results included the data from 41 studies, with 159 children with severe neurological manifestations, within an age range from 24 h to 17 years. The neurological disorders included 38 cases with stroke, 32 with encephalitis, 22 with encephalopathy, and 10 with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Sixty-five out of 159 cases with severe neurological manifestations were diagnosed with MIS-C. Direct neuroinvasion and the exaggerated immune response in some patients seem to be the most critical factors triggering these manifestations. Further research in the ongoing pandemic is needed to elucidate the precise mechanism.

Abordaje endoscópico al atrio ventricular para toma de biopsia de tumor de la región pineal: a propósito de un caso / Endoscopic approach to ventricular atrium for biopsy of pineal region tumour: Case report

INTRODUCCIÓN: El abordaje endoscópico habitual para el manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de los tumores pineales es a través del asta frontal del ventrículo lateral introduciendo el endoscopio por el agujero de Monro. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con esta patología en el que se realizó toma de biopsia de la lesión a través de la fisura coroidea mediante un acceso endoscópico al atrio ventricular. Caso clínico: Paciente varón de 25 años de edad que comienza con cefalea y diplopía. Al examen físico se constata signo de Parinaud y papiledema. La resonancia magnética demostró una lesión ocupante de la región pineal asociada a hidrocefalia. Inicialmente por vía endoscópica habitual (acceso frontal) se trató la hidrocefalia y se tomó biopsia del tumor. El espécimen tisular no fue útil, por lo que se planificó un segundo procedimiento endoscópico para la toma de tejido tumoral a través de la fisura coroidea introduciendo el endoscopio a través del atrio. CONCLUSIONES: El abordaje a los tumores pineales a través del atrio ventricular, mediante un agujero parietal, realizando apertura de la fisura coroidea permite la toma directa de biopsia, con una trayectoria endoscópica única, sin necesidad de atravesar otras estructuras neurales

INTRODUCTION: The usual endoscopic approach in the management of pineal region tumoursconsists of inserting the scope into the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle and advancing itthrough the foramen of Monro into the third ventricle. We report the case of a patient with a pineal tumour on whom we used an endoscopic approach through the ventricular atriumto obtain a biopsy by opening the choroidal fissure. CLINICAL CASE: This young 25-year-old man presented with headache and double vision. Papilloedema and Parinaud’s syndrome were found on physical examination. Cranial magneticresonance revealed a pineal mass and hydrocephalus. We initially performed a third ventriculostomy and a tumour biopsy through a frontal burr hole. The tissue sample was not useful for pathological diagnosis and we decided to perform a second endoscopic biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic approach to pineal region masses, reaching the ventricular atrium through a parietal burr hole and opening the choroidal fissure, makes it possible to take a biopsy using a single endoscopic approach without needing to cross other ventricular structures

[Endoscopic approach to ventricular atrium for biopsy of pineal region tumour: case report]. / Abordaje endoscópico al atrio ventricular para toma de biopsia de tumor de la región pineal: a propósito de un caso.

INTRODUCTION: The usual endoscopic approach in the management of pineal region tumours consists of inserting the scope into the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle and advancing it through the foramen of Monro into the third ventricle. We report the case of a patient with a pineal tumour on whom we used an endoscopic approach through the ventricular atrium to obtain a biopsy by opening the choroidal fissure. CLINICAL CASE: This young 25-year-old man presented with headache and double vision. Papilloedema and Parinaud's syndrome were found on physical examination. Cranial magnetic resonance revealed a pineal mass and hydrocephalus. We initially performed a third ventriculostomy and a tumour biopsy through a frontal burr hole. The tissue sample was not useful for pathological diagnosis and we decided to perform a second endoscopic biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic approach to pineal region masses, reaching the ventricular atrium through a parietal burr hole and opening the choroidal fissure, makes it possible to take a biopsy using a single endoscopic approach without needing to cross other ventricular structures.

Síndrome de CHILD: presentación de un caso / CHILD syndrome: a case report

La hemidisplasia congénita con ictiosis y defectos de las extremidades o síndrome de CHILD, es una enfermedad infrecuente (solo 30 casos reportados en la literatura), hereditaria, monogénica, que se transmite como un rasgo dominante ligado al cromosoma X. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 17 años de edad con este diagnóstico neonatal, que presentó al momento del nacimiento eritrodermia ictiosiforme en el hemicuerpo izquierdo, acompañada de hipomelia del miembro superior e inferior izquierdos, defectos óseos en miembros afectados y columna vertebral (escoliosis), entre otras. Se realizaron las interconsultas, estudios ultrasonográficos y radiológicos para completar el diagnóstico y se ofreció asesoramiento genético. Evolucionó satisfactoriamente hasta los 16 años, edad en la que comenzó a padecer de frecuentes infecciones(AU)

Congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosis and limb defects or CHILD syndrome is a rare disorder (only 30 cases reported on medical literature), monogenic inherited in an X-linked dominant trait. A 17 year old-female patient having the diagnosis at birth is the case presented. At birth the patient presented ichthyosiform erythroderma on left hemi-body with hypomelia of left superior and inferior limbs, osseous defects in the members affected and vertebral column (scoliosis), among other anomalies. Medical consultations, sonographic and radiological studies to complete the diagnosis and genetic counselling were conducted. The patient had a satisfactory development up to 16 years old, the age where frequent infections appeared(AU)

Historia de algunas especialidades médicas en Pinar del Río (primera parte) / History of some medical specialties in Pinar del Rio (1st part)

La investigación presenta un estudio del desarrollo de la especialidad de Medicina Interna en Pinar del Río. El objetivo propuesto fue valorar el desarrollo de las especialidades de Medicina Interna, Medicina General Integral y Gastroenterología en Pinar del Río. La metodología utilizada es la que plantea la Filosofía Marxista. Es una investigación novedosa por cuanto existe muy poca información sobre esta temática y ofrece valiosos elementos basados en la escasa literatura que existe del tema y en los testimonios de los propios protagonistas. Puede servir como material de consulta y para futuras investigaciones, teniendo en cuenta los resultados y conclusiones expresan que el desarrollo de médico en Pinar del Río fue el producto del propio incremento de la información científica, las necesidades de la población y una voluntad política que se hizo realidad con el triunfo de la Revolución...(AU)

This research paper presents a study of the Internal Medicine development in Pinar del Rio province. This study was aimed at assessing the medical specialties of internal medicine, comprehensive medicine and gastroenterology in the province. Marxist Philosophy was the methodology presented to conduct this study. This a completely new research, thus theres not much information about the topic, offering valuable elements based on the lack of literature for the topic as well as in the testimonies of their own protagonists. This paper can be of reference for future researches. Taking into account the results we concluded that the medical development in Pinar del Rio was determined by the enhancement of the scientific information, the needs of the population and the political will, which became true after the Triumph of the Revolution...(AU)